Negation: 'niet' and 'geen' (A1)
To make a sentence negative in Dutch, you use either niet
(not) or geen
(no, not a, not any).
When to use geen
:
Use geen
to negate nouns that have:
- The indefinite article
een
(a/an) before them. - No article before them (often plural or uncountable nouns).
Ik heb een auto.
(I have a car.) ->Ik heb geen auto.
(I don't have a car / I have no car.)Hij eet vlees.
(He eats meat.) ->Hij eet geen vlees.
(He doesn't eat meat / He eats no meat.)Zij hebben kinderen.
(They have children.) ->Zij hebben geen kinderen.
(They don't have children / They have no children.)Is er koffie?
(Is there coffee?) ->Nee, er is geen koffie.
(No, there is no coffee.)
When to use niet
:
Use niet
to negate almost everything else:
- Verbs: Usually placed after the conjugated verb.
Ik woon hier.
(I live here.) ->Ik woon hier niet.
(I don't live here.)
- Adjectives: Usually placed before the adjective.
Het huis is groot.
(The house is big.) ->Het huis is niet groot.
(The house is not big.)
- Adverbs: Usually placed before the adverb.
Hij loopt snel.
(He walks quickly.) ->Hij loopt niet snel.
(He doesn't walk quickly.)
- Prepositional Phrases: Usually placed before the prepositional phrase.
De kat is op tafel.
(The cat is on the table.) ->De kat is niet op tafel.
(The cat is not on the table.)
- Definite Nouns (nouns with
de
,het
, or possessives/demonstratives):
Ik zie de man.
(I see the man.) ->Ik zie de man niet.
(I don't see the man.)Dat is mijn fiets.
(That is my bike.) ->Dat is mijn fiets niet.
(That is not my bike.)
Placement of niet
: This can be tricky! A common default position is towards the end of the sentence, but often before prepositional phrases or the element being directly negated. For A1, placing it after the main verb or before the adjective/adverb is a good starting point.
Summary:
- Use
geen
before nouns witheen
or no article. - Use
niet
for almost everything else (verbs, adjectives, adverbs, definite nouns, etc.).