Introduction
Understanding and discussing cultural topics, including holidays (feestdagen
) and traditions (tradities
), is important for social interaction and understanding Dutch culture. This chapter introduces B1 vocabulary related to common Dutch celebrations and cultural practices.
Holidays and Celebrations (Feestdagen en Vieringen)
de feestdag
(feestdagen): holiday(s), feast day(s)vieren
: to celebratede viering
: celebrationNieuwjaar
: New Year's Day (1 January)Oud en Nieuw
: New Year's Eve & Dayhet vuurwerk
: fireworksde oliebollen
: traditional Dutch doughnut eaten at New YearPasen
(Eerste en Tweede Paasdag): Easter (First and Second Easter Day - Sunday and Monday)de paashaas
: Easter bunnypaaseieren zoeken
: to hunt for Easter eggsKoningsdag
: King's Day (27 April - birthday of the King)de vrijmarkt
: flea market (characteristic of King's Day)oranje
: orange (the national colour)Bevrijdingsdag
: Liberation Day (5 May - end of WWII occupation)Hemelvaartsdag
: Ascension Day (Thursday, 40 days after Easter)Pinksteren
(Eerste en Tweede Pinksterdag): Pentecost/Whitsun (Sunday and Monday, 50 days after Easter)Sinterklaas
: St. Nicholas' Eve/Day (evening of 5 December)Sint Nicolaas
/de Sint
: Saint NicholasPiet
(plural:Pieten
): helper of Sinterklaasde pakjesavond
: evening of gifts (5 Dec)de cadeaus
: presents, giftshet gedicht
: poem (often written for Sinterklaas gifts)de surprise
(pronounced French way): elaborately crafted container/object hiding a giftpepernoten
/kruidnoten
: small spiced biscuitschocoladeletters
: chocolate lettersKerstmis
/Kerst
(Eerste en Tweede Kerstdag): Christmas (First and Second Christmas Day - 25 & 26 December)de kerstboom
: Christmas treede kerstman
: Santa Claus / Father Christmashet kerstdiner
: Christmas dinnerde verjaardag
: birthdayjarig zijn
: to have one's birthdayGefeliciteerd!
: Congratulations!het feestje
: partyde taart
: cakehet jubileum
: anniversary, jubileehet festival
(festivals): festival(s)
Example Sentences:
Wat doe jij met Kerstmis?
(What are you doing for Christmas?)Op Koningsdag is er overal vrijmarkt.
(On King's Day there are flea markets everywhere.)De kinderen krijgen veel cadeaus met Sinterklaas.
(The children get many presents for Sinterklaas.)Mijn verjaardag is in juli.
(My birthday is in July.)Pasen is een belangrijke feestdag.
(Easter is an important holiday.)
Traditions and Customs (Tradities en Gewoonten)
de traditie
(tradities): tradition(s)de gewoonte
(gewoonten/gewoontes): custom(s), habit(s)de cultuur
: culturecultureel
: culturaltypisch Nederlands
: typically Dutchde maaltijd
: mealhet ontbijt
: breakfastde lunch
: lunchhet avondeten
/diner
: dinnergezellig
/de gezelligheid
: cosy, convivial, fun / cosiness, conviviality- A key Dutch concept, hard to translate directly.
op bezoek gaan (bij)
: to visit (someone)de gast
(gasten): guest(s)de gastheer
/de gastvrouw
: host / hostessfeliciteren (met)
: to congratulate (on)Gefeliciteerd met je verjaardag!
(Congratulations on your birthday!)het cadeau
(cadeaus): present(s), gift(s)de afspraak
: appointment, date, arrangementeen afspraak maken
: to make an appointmentop tijd zijn
: to be on timede kringverjaardag
: circle birthday party (a stereotype of Dutch birthdays where guests sit in a circle)
Example Sentences:
Het is een traditie om met Kerstmis bij familie te eten.
(It is a tradition to eat with family at Christmas.)Gezelligheid is erg belangrijk in de Nederlandse cultuur.
(Gezelligheid is very important in Dutch culture.)Het is de gewoonte om een cadeautje mee te nemen als je op bezoek gaat.
(It is customary to bring a small gift when you visit someone.)Nederlanders staan erom bekend dat ze graag afspraken maken en op tijd zijn.
(Dutch people are known for liking to make appointments and being on time.)
This vocabulary covers major Dutch holidays like Koningsdag
, Sinterklaas
, and Kerstmis
, as well as general terms for traditions and customs. Understanding these terms helps in participating in social events, understanding cultural references, and discussing daily life in the Netherlands. Remember that gezelligheid
is a particularly important cultural concept.